{"id":162,"date":"2026-04-07T10:48:46","date_gmt":"2026-04-07T10:48:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/shax.kz\/?p=162"},"modified":"2026-04-07T10:48:46","modified_gmt":"2026-04-07T10:48:46","slug":"%d0%bf%d0%b0%d1%82%d1%88%d0%b0%d0%bb%d1%8b%d2%9b-%d1%80%d0%b5%d1%81%d0%b5%d0%b9-%d2%9b%d0%b0%d0%b7%d0%b0%d2%9b-%d0%b6%d0%b5%d1%80%d1%96%d0%bd-%d2%9b%d0%b0%d0%bb%d0%b0%d0%b9-%d0%b6%d0%b0%d1%83%d0%bb","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/shax.kz\/?p=162","title":{"rendered":"\u041f\u0430\u0442\u0448\u0430\u043b\u044b\u049b \u0420\u0435\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u049b\u0430\u0437\u0430\u049b \u0436\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043d \u049b\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u0436\u0430\u0443\u043b\u0430\u0434\u044b?!"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u0420\u0435\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0441\u044b\u043d\u044b\u04a3 \u049b\u0430\u0437\u0430\u049b \u0436\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043d\u0435 \u0430\u043b\u0493\u0430\u0448\u049b\u044b \u04d9\u0441\u043a\u0435\u0440\u0438-\u0441\u0430\u044f\u0441\u0438 \u049b\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044b \u043c\u0435\u043d \u043e\u043d\u044b \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044b\u049b \u0431\u0430\u0493\u044b\u043d\u0434\u044b\u0440\u0443\u044b \u0431\u0456\u0440 \u0436\u0430\u0440\u044b\u043c \u0493\u0430\u0441\u044b\u0440\u0434\u0430\u043d \u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043c \u0443\u0430\u049b\u044b\u0442\u049b\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u044b\u043b\u0493\u0430\u043d \u043a\u04af\u0440\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0456 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0434\u044b.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0411\u04b1\u043b \u04af\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0456\u04a3 \u0431\u0430\u0441\u044b \u043c\u0435\u043d \u0441\u043e\u04a3\u044b\u043d \u043d\u0430\u049b\u0442\u044b \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0435\u043d \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430\u0439\u0448\u0430 \u043a\u04e9\u0440\u0441\u0435\u0442\u0443\u0433\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0434\u044b:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u0410\u043b\u0493\u0430\u0448\u049b\u044b \u049b\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0434\u0430\u0440 &#8212; XVIII \u0493\u0430\u0441\u044b\u0440\u0434\u044b\u04a3 \u0431\u0430\u0441\u044b<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0420\u0435\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u04d9\u0441\u043a\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043d\u0456\u04a3 \u049b\u0430\u0437\u0430\u049b \u0434\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044b\u043d\u0430 \u0436\u04af\u0439\u0435\u043b\u0456 \u0442\u04af\u0440\u0434\u0435 \u0430\u044f\u049b \u0431\u0430\u0441\u0443\u044b \u041f\u0451\u0442\u0440 I \u043f\u0430\u0442\u0448\u0430\u043d\u044b\u04a3 \u041e\u0440\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044b\u049b \u0410\u0437\u0438\u044f\u0493\u0430 \u0436\u043e\u043b \u0430\u0448\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0438\u044f\u0441\u044b\u043c\u0435\u043d \u0442\u0456\u043a\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430\u043d\u044b\u0441\u0442\u044b.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>1714\u20131720 \u0436\u044b\u043b\u0434\u0430\u0440<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0415\u0440\u0442\u0456\u0441 \u0431\u043e\u0439\u044b\u043d\u0430 \u0430\u043b\u0493\u0430\u0448\u049b\u044b \u04d9\u0441\u043a\u0435\u0440\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u043a\u0456\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0456\u04a3 \u0441\u0430\u043b\u044b\u043d\u0443\u044b. \u041f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0418. \u0411\u0443\u0445\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0446 \u0431\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0493\u0430\u043d \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044f \u042f\u043c\u044b\u0448\u0435\u0432 (1715 \u0436.) \u0436\u04d9\u043d\u0435 \u041e\u043c\u0431\u044b (1716 \u0436.) \u0431\u0435\u043a\u0456\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043d \u0442\u04b1\u0440\u0493\u044b\u0437\u0434\u044b. \u041a\u0435\u0439\u0456\u043d\u043d\u0435\u043d \u0421\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0439 (1718 \u0436.) \u0436\u04d9\u043d\u0435 \u04e8\u0441\u043a\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d (1720 \u0436.) \u0431\u0435\u043a\u0456\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456 \u0431\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u04e9\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0456. \u0411\u04b1\u043b \u2014 \u0420\u0435\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u04d9\u0441\u043a\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043d\u0456\u04a3 \u049b\u0430\u0437\u0430\u049b \u0436\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043d\u0456\u04a3 \u0441\u043e\u043b\u0442\u04af\u0441\u0442\u0456\u043a-\u0448\u044b\u0493\u044b\u0441 \u0436\u0438\u0435\u0433\u0456\u043d\u0435 \u0442\u04b1\u0440\u0430\u049b\u0442\u0430\u043f, \u0456\u0448\u043a\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0435\u043d\u0443\u0456\u043d\u0456\u04a3 \u0431\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0443\u044b.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>1731 \u0436\u044b\u043b: \u04d8\u0431\u0456\u043b\u049b\u0430\u0439\u044b\u0440 \u0445\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u04a3 \u0420\u0435\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0441\u044b\u043d\u044b\u04a3 \u049b\u043e\u043b \u0430\u0441\u0442\u044b\u043d\u0430 \u04e9\u0442\u0443 \u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044b \u0430\u043d\u0442 \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0443\u0456. \u041e\u0441\u044b\u0434\u0430\u043d \u043a\u0435\u0439\u0456\u043d \u0420\u0435\u0441\u0435\u0439\u0434\u0456\u04a3 \u04d9\u0441\u043a\u0435\u0440\u0438-\u04d9\u043a\u0456\u043c\u0448\u0456\u043b\u0456\u043a \u044b\u049b\u043f\u0430\u043b\u044b \u0437\u0430\u04a3\u0434\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0440\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0434\u044b.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>\u0406\u0448\u043a\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0435\u043d\u0443 \u0436\u04d9\u043d\u0435 \u041e\u0440\u0442\u0430 \u0436\u04af\u0437 \u0431\u0435\u043d \u041a\u0456\u0448\u0456 \u0436\u04af\u0437\u0434\u0456 \u0431\u0430\u0493\u044b\u043d\u0434\u044b\u0440\u0443 (1820\u20131840 \u0436\u0436.)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>XIX \u0493\u0430\u0441\u044b\u0440\u0434\u044b\u04a3 \u0431\u0456\u0440\u0456\u043d\u0448\u0456 \u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0456\u043d\u0434\u0435 \u0420\u0435\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0441\u044b \u0445\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b\u049b \u0431\u0438\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0442\u0456 \u0436\u043e\u0439\u044b\u043f (\u00ab\u0421\u0456\u0431\u0456\u0440 \u049b\u044b\u0440\u0493\u044b\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044b \u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044b \u0436\u0430\u0440\u0493\u044b\u00bb 1822 \u0436. \u0436\u04d9\u043d\u0435 \u00ab\u041e\u0440\u044b\u043d\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u049b\u044b\u0440\u0493\u044b\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044b \u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044b \u0436\u0430\u0440\u0493\u044b\u00bb 1824 \u0436.), \u0434\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u044b\u04a3 \u043e\u0440\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044b\u049b \u0431\u04e9\u043b\u0456\u0433\u0456\u043d\u0435 \u04d9\u0441\u043a\u0435\u0440\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u043a\u0456\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440 (\u0410\u049b\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0430, \u041a\u04e9\u043a\u0448\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0443, \u0411\u0430\u044f\u043d\u0430\u0443\u044b\u043b \u0442.\u0431.) \u0441\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0434\u044b. \u041a\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0430\u0440\u044b \u0445\u0430\u043d \u0431\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0493\u0430\u043d \u04b1\u043b\u0442-\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0442\u044b\u049b \u043a\u04e9\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043b\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0456\u04a3 (1837\u20131847 \u0436\u0436.) \u0436\u0435\u04a3\u0456\u043b\u0443\u0456 \u049a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u049b\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u04a3 \u043e\u0440\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044b\u049b \u0436\u04d9\u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043b\u0442\u04af\u0441\u0442\u0456\u043a \u04e9\u04a3\u0456\u0440\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043d\u0456\u04a3 \u0420\u0435\u0441\u0435\u0439\u0433\u0435 \u0431\u0456\u0440\u0436\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0493\u044b\u043d\u044b\u0448\u0442\u044b \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0493\u0430\u043d\u044b\u043d \u043a\u04e9\u0440\u0441\u0435\u0442\u0442\u0456.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li>\u0416\u0430\u0443\u043b\u0430\u043f \u0430\u043b\u0443\u0434\u044b\u04a3 \u0430\u044f\u049b\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0443\u044b &#8212; XIX \u0493\u0430\u0441\u044b\u0440\u0434\u044b\u04a3 \u0435\u043a\u0456\u043d\u0448\u0456 \u0436\u0430\u0440\u0442\u044b\u0441\u044b<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u049a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u049b \u0436\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043d \u0436\u0430\u0443\u043b\u0430\u043f \u0430\u043b\u0443\u0434\u044b\u04a3 \u0441\u043e\u04a3\u0493\u044b \u043a\u0435\u0437\u0435\u04a3\u0456 \u041e\u04a3\u0442\u04af\u0441\u0442\u0456\u043a \u049a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u049b\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d \u043c\u0435\u043d \u0416\u0435\u0442\u0456\u0441\u0443 \u04e9\u04a3\u0456\u0440\u0456 \u04af\u0448\u0456\u043d \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0493\u0430\u043d \u0448\u0430\u0439\u049b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0435\u043d \u0441\u0438\u043f\u0430\u0442\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0434\u044b.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>1850\u20131860 \u0436\u044b\u043b\u0434\u0430\u0440<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0411\u04b1\u043b \u043a\u0435\u0437\u0435\u04a3\u0434\u0435 \u0420\u0435\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u04d9\u0441\u043a\u0435\u0440\u0456 \u049a\u043e\u049b\u0430\u043d \u0445\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b\u0493\u044b\u043d\u044b\u04a3 \u0438\u0435\u043b\u0456\u0433\u0456\u043d\u0434\u0435\u0433\u0456 \u049b\u0430\u0437\u0430\u049b \u0436\u0435\u0440\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043d\u0435 (\u0406\u043b\u0435 \u0430\u043b\u049b\u0430\u0431\u044b, \u0421\u044b\u0440\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0431\u043e\u0439\u044b) \u0448\u0430\u0431\u0443\u044b\u043b \u0436\u0430\u0441\u0430\u0434\u044b. \u0421\u0456\u0437 \u0431\u04b1\u0493\u0430\u043d \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0456\u043d \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043f \u04e9\u0442\u043a\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0435\u0439, 1851 \u0436\u044b\u043b\u044b \u0422\u0430\u0443\u0448\u04af\u0431\u0435\u043a, 1853 \u0436\u044b\u043b\u044b \u0410\u049b\u043c\u0435\u0448\u0456\u0442 \u0430\u043b\u044b\u043d\u0434\u044b.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>1864 \u0436\u044b\u043b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u04d8\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0435\u0430\u0442\u0430 (\u0422\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0437), \u0422\u04af\u0440\u043a\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d \u0436\u04d9\u043d\u0435 \u0428\u044b\u043c\u043a\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u049b\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0440\u044b\u043d\u044b\u04a3 \u049b\u04b1\u043b\u0430\u0443\u044b. \u041e\u0441\u044b \u0436\u044b\u043b\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0427\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0432 \u043f\u0435\u043d \u0412\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043a\u0438\u043d\u043d\u0456\u04a3 \u04d9\u0441\u043a\u0435\u0440\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0456 \u0428\u044b\u043c\u043a\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0442\u04af\u0431\u0456\u043d\u0434\u0435 \u049b\u043e\u0441\u044b\u043b\u044b\u043f, \u0420\u0435\u0441\u0435\u0439\u0434\u0456\u04a3 \u00ab\u041e\u0440\u044b\u043d\u0431\u043e\u0440\u00bb \u0436\u04d9\u043d\u0435 \u00ab\u0421\u0456\u0431\u0456\u0440\u00bb \u04d9\u0441\u043a\u0435\u0440\u0438 \u0448\u0435\u043f\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456 \u0431\u0456\u0440\u0456\u043a\u0442\u0456\u0440\u0456\u043b\u0434\u0456.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>1867\u20131868 \u0436\u044b\u043b\u0434\u0430\u0440: \u041f\u0430\u0442\u0448\u0430 \u04af\u043a\u0456\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0456 \u00ab\u0421\u044b\u0440\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0435\u043d \u0416\u0435\u0442\u0456\u0441\u0443 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044b\u043d \u0431\u0430\u0441\u049b\u0430\u0440\u0443 \u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044b\u00bb \u0436\u04d9\u043d\u0435 \u00ab\u041e\u0440\u044b\u043d\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u043c\u0435\u043d \u0411\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0441 \u0421\u0456\u0431\u0456\u0440 \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b-\u0433\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043b\u044b\u049b\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044b\u043d \u0431\u0430\u0441\u049b\u0430\u0440\u0443 \u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044b\u00bb \u0435\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0456 \u0435\u043d\u0433\u0456\u0437\u0434\u0456. \u041e\u0441\u044b \u0436\u044b\u043b\u0434\u0430\u0440 \u049b\u0430\u0437\u0430\u049b \u0436\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043d \u0441\u0430\u044f\u0441\u0438-\u04d9\u043a\u0456\u043c\u0448\u0456\u043b\u0456\u043a \u0442\u04b1\u0440\u0493\u044b\u0434\u0430\u043d \u0436\u0430\u0443\u043b\u0430\u043f \u0430\u043b\u0443\u0434\u044b\u04a3 \u0430\u044f\u049b\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0493\u0430\u043d \u0443\u0430\u049b\u044b\u0442\u044b \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044b\u043f \u0435\u0441\u0435\u043f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0456. \u04e8\u0439\u0442\u043a\u0435\u043d\u0456, \u0431\u04af\u043a\u0456\u043b \u049b\u0430\u0437\u0430\u049b \u0434\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044b \u0420\u0435\u0441\u0435\u0439\u0434\u0456\u04a3 \u0431\u0456\u0440\u044b\u04a3\u0493\u0430\u0439 \u0431\u0430\u0441\u049b\u0430\u0440\u0443 \u0436\u04af\u0439\u0435\u0441\u0456\u043d\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044b\u049b\u0442\u0430\u0439 \u043a\u04e9\u0448\u0456\u0440\u0456\u043b\u0434\u0456.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0421\u043e\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0435\u043d:<\/p>\n<p>\u25a0 \u0410\u043b\u0493\u0430\u0448\u049b\u044b \u0430\u044f\u049b \u0431\u0430\u0441\u0443\u044b &#8212; 1715\u20131720 \u0436\u0436. (\u0415\u0440\u0442\u0456\u0441 \u0431\u043e\u0439\u044b\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0493\u044b \u0431\u0435\u043a\u0456\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440).<\/p>\n<p>\u25a0 \u0422\u043e\u043b\u044b\u049b \u0436\u0430\u0443\u043b\u0430\u043f \u0431\u0456\u0442\u0443\u0456 &#8212; 1864\u20131868 \u0436\u044b\u043b\u0434\u0430\u0440.<\/p>\n<p>\u25a0 1865 \u0436\u044b\u043b\u044b \u2014 \u04d9\u0441\u043a\u0435\u0440\u0438 \u0442\u04b1\u0440\u0493\u044b\u0434\u0430\u043d (\u0422\u0430\u0448\u043a\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0442\u0456\u04a3 \u0430\u043b\u044b\u043d\u0443\u044b\u043c\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0435\u0433\u0456\u0437\u0433\u0456 \u049b\u0430\u0437\u0430\u049b \u0436\u0435\u0440\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0456 \u0431\u0430\u0493\u044b\u043d\u0434\u044b).<\/p>\n<p>\u25a0 1868 \u0436\u044b\u043b\u044b \u2014 \u0437\u0430\u04a3\u0434\u044b\u049b-\u04d9\u043a\u0456\u043c\u0448\u0456\u043b\u0456\u043a \u0442\u04b1\u0440\u0493\u044b\u0434\u0430\u043d (\u0420\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0440 \u0430\u0440\u049b\u044b\u043b\u044b \u0431\u04af\u043a\u0456\u043b \u0436\u0435\u0440 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0448\u0456\u0433\u0456 \u0434\u0435\u043f \u0436\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b).<\/p>\n<p>\u041e\u0441\u044b\u043b\u0430\u0439\u0448\u0430, \u0420\u0435\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0441\u044b \u049b\u0430\u0437\u0430\u049b \u0436\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043d \u0436\u0430\u0443\u043b\u0430\u043f \u0430\u043b\u0443 \u04af\u0448\u0456\u043d \u0448\u0430\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d 150 \u0436\u044b\u043b \u0436\u04b1\u043c\u0441\u0430\u0434\u044b. \u0411\u04b1\u043b \u04b1\u0437\u0430\u049b \u0443\u0430\u049b\u044b\u0442 \u0445\u0430\u043b\u044b\u049b\u0442\u044b\u04a3 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b \u049b\u0430\u0440\u0441\u044b\u043b\u044b\u0493\u044b \u043c\u0435\u043d \u0434\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u044b\u04a3 \u043a\u0435\u04a3\u0434\u0456\u0433\u0456\u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430\u043d\u044b\u0441\u0442\u044b \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0434\u044b.<\/p>\n<p>\u049a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u049b \u0436\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043d 150 \u0436\u044b\u043b\u0434\u0430 \u04d9\u0437\u0435\u0440 \u0436\u0430\u0443\u043b\u0430\u043f \u0431\u0456\u0442\u043a\u0435\u043d \u0420\u0435\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u0430\u0439\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0434\u044b\u0440\u0493\u0430\u043d 20 \u0436\u044b\u043b \u0456\u0448\u0456\u043d\u0434\u0435 \u049a\u043e\u049b\u0430\u043d, \u0425\u0438\u0443\u0430, \u0411\u04b1\u049b\u0430\u0440 \u0445\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b\u049b\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044b\u043d \u0442\u0430\u043b\u049b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u043f, 1885 \u0436\u044b\u043b\u044b \u0442\u04af\u0440\u0456\u043a\u043c\u0435\u043d \u0436\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043d \u0431\u0430\u0493\u044b\u043d\u0434\u044b\u0440\u0493\u0430\u043d \u0441\u043e\u04a3 \u0431\u04af\u043a\u0456\u043b \u041e\u0440\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044b\u049b \u0410\u0437\u0438\u044f\u043d\u044b \u04e9\u0437 \u0431\u0438\u043b\u0456\u0433\u0456\u043d\u0435 \u0430\u043b\u0434\u044b.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0420\u0435\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0441\u044b\u043d\u044b\u04a3 \u049b\u0430\u0437\u0430\u049b \u0436\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043d\u0435 \u0430\u043b\u0493\u0430\u0448\u049b\u044b \u04d9\u0441\u043a\u0435\u0440\u0438-\u0441\u0430\u044f\u0441\u0438 \u049b\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044b \u043c\u0435\u043d \u043e\u043d\u044b \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044b\u049b \u0431\u0430\u0493\u044b\u043d\u0434\u044b\u0440\u0443\u044b \u0431\u0456\u0440 \u0436\u0430\u0440\u044b\u043c \u0493\u0430\u0441\u044b\u0440\u0434\u0430\u043d \u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043c \u0443\u0430\u049b\u044b\u0442\u049b\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u044b\u043b\u0493\u0430\u043d \u043a\u04af\u0440\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0456<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":163,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[56],"tags":[57],"class_list":["post-162","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-56","tag-57"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u041f\u0430\u0442\u0448\u0430\u043b\u044b\u049b \u0420\u0435\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u049b\u0430\u0437\u0430\u049b \u0436\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043d \u049b\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u0436\u0430\u0443\u043b\u0430\u0434\u044b?! - \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0456\u043b\u0456\u043a \u0431\u0430\u0441\u044b\u043b\u044b\u043c\u044b<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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